What is tracheal and laryngeal stenosis and how is it treated?
Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis is a medical condition that affects the upper airway.
In this condition, the tubes that allow air to pass into the lungs become narrowed due to a variety of factors.
This can make breathing difficult and cause a number of uncomfortable symptoms.
In this article, we will explore in detail what is tracheal and laryngeal stenosis, its causes,
symptoms and available treatment options.
What is tracheal and laryngeal stenosis?
Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the breathing tubes located in the throat.
The trachea is the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs, while the larynx is commonly known as the “voice box” because of its role in sound production.
When these passages become narrowed, airflow is restricted, making normal breathing difficult.
Causes of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis
Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis can have several causes. Some of the factors that may contribute to this condition include:
Trauma:
Trauma to the trachea or larynx area, such as a car accident injury or a severe blow, can cause scarring and narrowing of the air passages.
Recurrent infections:
Chronic respiratory infections, such as tracheitis or recurrent laryngitis, can cause damage to the tissues of the trachea and larynx, which can eventually lead to stricture.
Chronic acid reflux:
Chronic gastroesophageal reflux, also known as heartburn, can irritate the airways and cause inflammation and scarring, leading to stricture.
Cancer:
Some types of cancer, such as lung cancer or laryngeal cancer, can cause narrowing of the airways due to abnormal tissue growth.
These are just some of the most common causes of stenosis of the trachea and larynx.
It is important to keep in mind that each case may be unique and it is essential to consult a physician for an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis
Symptoms of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the location of the narrowing in the airway. Some of the common symptoms include:
Shortness of breath:
Shortness of breath is one of the most prominent symptoms of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis. It may manifest as a tight feeling in the chest or difficulty inhaling and exhaling air properly.
Persistent cough:
Chronic cough is another common symptom. It may be dry or productive and worsen at night or with physical activity.
Wheezing:
Wheezing is a high-pitched, whistling breath sounds that may accompany shortness of breath.
Hoarseness or voice change:
If the narrowing affects the larynx, you may experience hoarseness or changes in the quality of your voice.
Fatigue:
Difficulty getting enough oxygen can lead to fatigue and lack of energy.
These symptoms can vary from person to person and it is essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of them persistently.
How is tracheal and laryngeal stenosis treated?
Treatment of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis depends on the severity of the condition and the individual needs of each patient. Some common treatment options include:
Medical therapy:
In mild cases, doctors may prescribe medications to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids can help open the airways and make breathing easier.
Dilation:
Dilation is a procedure in which a special tube is used to widen narrowed airways. This procedure is performed under sedation and may need to be repeated periodically.
Surgery:
In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the narrowed airway.
Surgery may involve removal of scar tissue, airway reconstruction or even tracheal transplantation in extreme cases.
It is important to note that the appropriate treatment for tracheal and laryngeal stenosis should be determined by a trained medical professional.
Each case is unique and requires a thorough evaluation before determining the best treatment option.
Conclusion
Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis is a medical condition that can make breathing difficult and cause bothersome symptoms.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience shortness of breath, persistent coughing, or other related symptoms.
With proper diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to manage and control this condition to improve quality of life.
Don’t hesitate to consult a medical professional for more information and guidance on your specific situation.
And since each case is different, it is always best to consult with specialists in the field, such as the Dra. Herlida Gonzalez.